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Bat Ye'or ((ヘブライ語:בת יאור), meaning "daughter of the Nile") is a pseudonym of Gisèle Littman, ''née'' Orebi, born in 1933 in Cairo, Egypt. A British writer and political commentator, Bat Ye'or writes about the history of Middle Eastern Christian and Jewish dhimmis living under Islamic governments. In addition to these works, she has also has published works on European countries, such as ''Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis''. Due to her startling theories and much of her research being original, Ye'or has become a figure of controversy. 〔Adi Schwartz from Haaretz.com ('The protocols of the elders of Brussels' )〕 ==Personal and early life== Bat Ye'or was born into a Jewish family in Cairo, Egypt. She and her parents fled Egypt in 1957 after the Suez War of 1956, arriving in London as stateless refugees.〔André Darmon, ''Israel Magazine'' July 2007 Interview with Bat Ye'or ''Bat Ye'or – I was born in Egypt, in Cairo, into a family of the Jewish bourgeoisie, of an Italian father and a French mother. My grandfather, to whom Egyptian nationality was accorded by exception, was crowned Bey by the Ottoman sultan. My father decided to renounce Italian nationality as a result of Mussolini's racist laws, but when Nasser came to power, my mother's goods were confiscated because she was French and my father's because he was Jewish. We were forced to stay home, we were chased out of public places and at that moment we decided to flee Egypt. Many fled secretly from fear of being imprisoned. We were forced, like all Egyptian Jews, to sign papers according to which we renounced all our goods, our passport and our nationality, for those who had it, since the Jews had been for the most part Ottoman subjects and not Egyptian. The Jews promised in writing not to demand anything of the Egyptian State. The only right we had was to take one suitcase, which was searched and thrown to the ground and 20 Egyptian pounds that were taken from us anyway by the customs officials, not to mention the insults and acts of terror in front of my parents, both of whom were invalids.''〕 In 1958 she attended the Institute of Archaeology at University College, London, and moved to Switzerland in 1960 to continue her studies at the University of Geneva, but never finished her master's degree〔〔 and has never held an academic position. She described her experiences in the following manner: I had witnessed the destruction, in a few short years, of a vibrant Jewish community living in Egypt for over 2,600 years and which had existed from the time of Jeremiah the Prophet. I saw the disintegration and flight of families, dispossessed and humiliated, the destruction of their synagogues, the bombing of the Jewish quarters and the terrorizing of a peaceful population. I have personally experienced the hardships of exile, the misery of statelessness − and I wanted to get to the root cause of all this. I wanted to understand why the Jews from Arab countries, nearly a million, had shared my experience.〔 She was married to the British historian and human rights advocate David Littman from September 1959 until his death in May 2012. Many of her publications and works were in collaboration with Littman. Her British citizenship dates from her marriage.〔 They moved to Switzerland in 1960 and together had three children.〔(Bat Ye'or: Curriculum Vitae )〕 She has provided briefings to the United Nations and the U.S. Congress and has given talks at major universities such as Georgetown, Brown, Yale, Brandeis, and Columbia.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bat Ye'or」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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